The Hidden Rules of 529 Plans: What Happens When a Trust Owns the Account?
When it comes to saving for college, 529 plans are one of the most powerful tools available. They offer tax-deferred growth and tax-free withdrawals when used for qualified education expenses. But while these accounts are generally straightforward, things can get more complicated when a 529 plan is owned by a trust. Let’s break down what happens when a trust, not an individual, is the account owner, and why that matters. The Role of the Custodian in a 529 Plan In a typical 529 account, the custodian (often a parent or grandparent) maintains full control over the account. This means they can: Select and change the beneficiary (i.e., the student who will use the funds), Decide how much money to contribute, Determine when to withdraw funds and for what purposes. Importantly, custodians usually do not owe fiduciary duties to the beneficiary. That means they can change the beneficiary to someone else (as long as the new beneficiary is a qualified family member) without the o...